EVOLVE Educational Vocational Objective Learning of Vernacular English

Valentine's Day

Valentines Day
Task 1
Find the words in bold from the text in the grid; there are clues to help you. Try not to use a dictionary.

 

 

 

 

Valentines Day Modern Traditions

On Valentines Day people send their partners flowers, cards and chocolates. If a person doesn’t have a partner they may receive a card from a secret admirer – a person who is attracted to them but is too shy to say anything. Cards from secret admirers are signed only with a question mark.
The History of Saint Valentine's Day
Valentine's Day started in the time of the Roman Empire.  In ancient Rome, February 14th was a holiday to honour Juno.  Juno was the Queen of the Roman Gods and Goddesses.  The Romans also knew her as the Goddess of women and marriage.  The following day, February 15th, began the Feast of Lupercalia.
The lives of young boys and girls were strictly separate.  However, one of the customs of the young people was name drawing.  On the eve of the festival of Lupercalia the names of Roman girls were written on slips of paper and placed into jars.  Each young man would draw a girl's name from the jar and would then be partners for the duration of the festival with the girl whom he chose.  Sometimes the pairing of the children lasted an entire year, and often, they would fall in love and would later marry.
Under the rule of Emperor Claudius II Rome was involved in many bloody and unpopular campaigns.  Claudius the Cruel was having a difficult time getting soldiers to join his military leagues.  He believed that the reason was that roman men did not want to leave their loves or families.  As a result, Claudius cancelled all marriages and engagements in Rome.  The good Saint Valentine was a priest at Rome in the days of Claudius II.  He and Saint Marius aided the Christian martyrs and secretly married couples, and for this kind deed Saint Valentine was apprehended and dragged before the Prefect of Rome, who condemned him to be beaten to death with clubs and to have his head cut off.  He suffered martyrdom on the 14th day of February, about the year 270.  Of course, at that time it was the custom in Rome to celebrate in the month of February the Lupercalia, feasts in honour of a heathen god.  On these occasions, amidst a variety of pagan ceremonies, the names of young women were placed in a box, from which they were drawn by the men as chance directed.
The pastors of the early Christian Church in Rome endeavoured to do away with the pagan element in these feasts by substituting the names of saints for those of maidens.  And as the Lupercalia began about the middle of February, the pastors appear to have chosen Saint Valentine's Day for the celebration of this new feast. So it seems that the custom of young men choosing maidens for valentines, or saints as patrons for the coming year arose in this way.

 

 

Valentine Traditions

Hundreds of years ago in England, many children dressed up as adults on Valentine's Day.  They went singing from home to home.  One verse they sang was: Good morning to you valentine, Curl your locks as I do mine--- Two before and three behind. Good morning to you, valentine.
	In Wales wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on February 14th.  Hearts, keys and keyholes were favourite decorations on the spoons.  The decoration meant, "You unlock my heart!"
In the Middle Ages, young men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be.  They would wear these names on their sleeves for one week.  To wear your heart on your sleeve now means that it is easy for other people to know how you are feeling.
	In some countries, a young woman may receive a gift of clothing from a young man.  If she keeps the gift, it means she will marry him.
Some people used to believe that if a woman saw a robin flying overhead on Valentine's Day, it meant she would marry a sailor.  If she saw a sparrow, she would marry a poor man and be very happy.  If she saw a goldfinch, she would marry a millionaire.
	A love seat is a wide chair.  It was first made to seat one woman and her wide dress.  Later, the love seat or courting seat had two sections, often in an S-shape.  In this way, a couple could sit together -- but not too closely!
Think of five or six names of boys or girls you might marry, As you twist the stem of an apple, recite the names until the stem comes off.  You will marry the person whose name you were saying when the stem fell off.
	Pick a dandelion that has gone to seed.  Take a deep breath and blow the seeds into the wind.  Count the seeds that remain on the stem.  That is the number of children you will have.
If you cut an apple in half and count how many seeds are inside, you will also know how many children you will have.

 

 

Task 2
Answer the questions

1 When was Valentine’s Day started?

2 Who was Juno?

3 What Feast happened on February the 15th in Roman times?

4 What happened if a young man drew a girl’s name from the jar during this feast?

5 How long did the children have to stay together?

6 What did people call Emperor Claudius II?

7 What did Claudius cancel?

8 What did St Valentine secretly do?

9 When did St Valentine die?

10 Who did away with the pagan element of the feasts?

 

Task 3
Mark these questions true or false

1 In England, many children dressed up as adults on Valentine's Day.  

2 The children went home singing                                                .

3 In Wales wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts.           

4 The love spoons meant ‘You have the key to my home.’           

5 Middle aged men would wear names on their sleeves for a week.

6 People said that if a woman saw a goldfinch, she’d marry a millionaire.   

7 People believed that apples could tell them who they would marry.         

8 They also said that apples and dandelions told them about children.   

 

 

Task 4
Ask and answer

• Is the celebration of Valentines Day a part of customs in your country?
• When are traditional celebrations of love held in your country?
• Do you have more than one romantic festival in your country?
• Do you ever send valentines cards or flowers?
• Have you ever received a card or flowers on Valentines Day?
• Have you ever had a secret admirer?

 

 

 

 

Answers

Task 2
1 In the time of the Roman Empire.
2 The queen of the roman gods.
3 The feast of Lupercalia.
4 They would be partners.
5 For the duration of the festival but sometimes up to a year.
6 Claudius the Cruel.
7 All marriages and engagements.
8 Marry couples.
9 The14th day of February, about the year 270.
10 The pastors of the early Christian Church.

Task 3
1 False
2 False
3 True
4 False
5 False
6 True
7 True
8 True
http://www.pictureframes.co.uk/pages/saint_valentine.htm#history